apt-get is verifying the packages before installing them.
If the keys are not up to date, then apt-get upgrade will issue a warning.
WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated! ure uno-libs3 Install these packages without verification [y/N]?
The way to solve this is rather simple, just run apt-get update and it should download the keys automatically.
apt-key handles keys, using apt-key list will show you the keys that are on the computer.
apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages have been kept back: bind9-host dnsutils libbind9-50 libdns50 libisc50 libisccc50 libisccfg50 liblwres50 linux-generic linux-generic-pae linux-image-generic linux-image-generic-pae 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 12 not upgraded.
The message has been kept back most often means that the upgrade was kept back due to dependencies that are not met.
Some possible solutions
apt-get dselect-upgrade aptitude upgradeapt-get install dnsutils
To re-configure exim4 on a Debian system just run
“$ dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config”
This will start the configuration process and you will be guided trough the configuration process.
By definition shorewall is not a firewall, it is a way to (more) easily configure iptables to work as a firewall.
#ZONE TYPE OPTIONS IN OPTIONS OUT OPTIONS
fw firewall
net ipv4
vpn ipv4 #ZONE INTERFACE BROADCAST OPTIONS
net eth0 detect tcpflags,blacklist,dhcp
vpn tun0 - #SOURCE DEST POLICY LOG LEVEL LIMIT:BURST
fw net ACCEPT
vpn net ACCEPT
vpn fw ACCEPT
fw vpn ACCEPT
net all DROP info
all all DROP info#ACTION SOURCE DEST PROTO DEST SOURCE ORIGINAL RATE USER/ # PORT(S) PORT(S) DEST LIMIT GROUP ACCEPT net fw tcp 22 # ssh ACCEPT net fw tcp 80 # web
# prevent startup with default configuration # set the following varible to 1 in order to allow Shorewall to start startup=1
If you later decide to update rules, zones etc run “$ /etc/init.d/shorewall restart” to load the changes.
To just get the version number
$cat /etc/debian_version 5.0.3
Turns out using Debian it is very simple to get memtest86+ to appear in the grub boot up menu.
Simply install it as usual using apt-get.
After the installation is complete do a grub-install.
That’s it, after rebooting memtest86+ is now in the grub menu.
(Now how come it was not possible to google out this info;) )