Setting a default charset using .htaccess is a simple thing to do
However sometimes there is a need to unset default charset as well (for instance if the AddDefaultCharset is set in the apache config and this is causing problems).
This is very easy to do just edit the .htaccess file and add a line that says
AddDefaultCharset OFF
Using a .htaccess file it is not hard to limit access to a directory to only certain ips.
order deny,allow deny from all allow from 10.8.0 allow from 81.257.140.212
Using only a partial ip (like 10.8.0) means a wildcard so all of the 10.8.0.0/24 rage is allowed.
When apache complains like this.
If you do not wish to change character encoding for the entire server, but only one site (or only one directory) then this is possible to do using .htaccess.
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
If you only wish to do this to php or htm files (and not all files)
<FilesMatch "\.(htm|php)$"> AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 </FilesMatch>
If you wish to modify the mime-type as well as the encoding (on html files in this example)
AddType 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' html
In order to bind a virtualhost to only one ip (if the server has several) add the ip in the VirtualHost tag, to make it listen on all ips – use *
To make the server respond to several names, use the ServerAlias and ServerAlias supports wildcards.
See the examples below for more.
<VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
ServerAlias *.sub.domain.tld
...
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *>
DocumentRoot /www/domain
ServerName www.domain.tld
...
</VirtualHost>